Cameo Portraying Emperor Claudius as Jupiter

Description

This intricate cameo is carved from a piece of sardonyx, a mineral composed of parallel colored bands. The figure at the center is depicted with the portrait head of an emperor from the Julio-Claudian dynasty (27 BCE–68 CE) and the idealized, partially nude body of the supreme deity Jupiter (the Greek god Zeus). He holds the god’s scepter and thunderbolt while an eagle, Jupiter’s companion animal, perches at his feet. Created for circulation among members of the imperial court, the cameo boldly equated the ruler’s power over the Roman Empire to that of Jupiter over the entire cosmos.

Provenance

Thomas Howard, second Earl of Arundel (1586-1646); by descent to his widow Alethea Howard, 13th Baroness Furnivall, Countess of Arundel (1583-1654); by descent to her grandson Henry Howard, 6th Duke of Norfolk (1628-1684); by descent to his widow Jane Howard, Duchess of Norfolk (1643/4-1693); sold to Henry Mordaunt, second Earl of Peterborough (1621-1697); by descent to his widow Penelope Mordaunt, Countess of Peterborough (1627-1702); by descent to her daughter Mary Howard, Duchess of Norfolk (c.1659-1705); by descent to her widower Sir John Germain, 1st Baronet (1650-1718); by descent to his widow Lady Elizabeth “Betty” Germain (1680-1769); given to her great-niece Lady Charles (Mary Beauclerk) Spencer (1743-1812), 1762; given to her brother-in-law, Lord George Spencer, fourth Duke of Marlborough (1739-1817), Blenheim Castle, Oxon; by descent to John Spencer-Churchill, 7th Duke of Marlborough (1822-1883) [descent from Thomas Howard to John Spencer-Churchill according to Story-Maskelyne 1870]; sold, Christies, London, June 28, 1875, lot 4, to David Bromilow (1809-1898), Bitteswell Hall, Lutterworth, England; by descent to his daughter Julia Harriet Mary Jary (1844-1920); sold, Christie’s, London, June 26-29, 1899, lot 4, to Sir Francis Cook (1817-1901), London; by descent to his son Wyndham Cook (1860-1905), London; by descent to his widow Frederica Evelyn Stilwell Cook (1857-1925); by descent to her son Humphrey W. Cook (1893-1978) ,London; sold, Christie’s, London, July 14, 1925, lot 203, to Dr. Jacob Hirsch (1874-1955), New York [according to annotated sales catalogue]; sold to Joseph Brummer (1883-1947), 1945; [according to Brummer Gallery records]; sold, Parke-Bernet, New York, May 11-14, 1949, lot 238, to Melvin Gutman (1886-1967), New York City [according to annotated sale catalogue and Brummer Gallery records]; sold, Parke-Bernet, New York, October 17, 1969, lot 52, to Marilynn B. Alsdorf (1925-2019), Chicago; given to the Art Institute of Chicago, 1991.

Cameo Portraying Emperor Claudius as Jupiter

Ancient Roman

Cameo: Roman, mid-first century Mount: Italian, late 16th century

Accession Number

111809

Medium

Cameo: sardonyx Mount: gold, pearls, and enamel

Dimensions

7.7 × 5.8 × 0.8 cm (3 1/16 × 2 5/16 × 3/8 in.)

Classification

jewelry

Museum

The Art Institute of Chicago

Chicago, United States

Credit Line

Gift of Marilynn B. Alsdorf